Every graphic image needs an editorial reason. Use this checklist to test your decision before you publish or broadcast distressing material.
Reporting tragedy is part of the job. Showing every detail of it rarely is. The test is whether the image or description helps the audience understand the story, or whether it is there for shock value.
This quick guide is based on the article Publishing disturbing material, which we recommend you read before applying the checklist below.
How to decide whether to publish distressing material
- [ ] Start with editorial purpose: What is the point of this image or description? If the story works without it, leave it out.
- [ ] Test the level of detail: Would a less graphic image from the same scene do the same job? Does a general summary serve the audience better than a detailed one?
- [ ] Resist the exclusive: Being the only outlet with the footage is not a reason to use it. Be honest about your motives.
- [ ] Protect the people pictured: Can anyone be recognised from a face, a tattoo, clothing or a street sign? The dead and injured keep their dignity.
- [ ] Tell the family first: No one should learn of a death from a published photograph or video.
- [ ] Seek consent and take extra care: Get consent where you can. Where you can’t, the public interest case must be stronger. Apply a higher bar for children and vulnerable people.
- [ ] Think about who is watching: Survivors, witnesses and families may see your work without warning. Autoplay, thumbnails and social platforms carry it far beyond your intended audience.
- [ ] Check the rules that apply to you: Know your outlet’s guidelines, the relevant codes of practice, privacy law and reporting restrictions. Consider whether publishing could affect an investigation.
- [ ] Warn, soften and give context: Put a specific warning before the image. Turn off autoplay, and consider blurring or cropping. Explain what the image shows and why you are publishing it.
- [ ] Keep it out of the shop window: Do not use graphic images in headlines, thumbnails, push alerts or social media previews.
- [ ] Write the caption with care: Describe only what you can prove, and avoid language that sensationalises suffering. Point audiences to support where the subject warrants it.
- [ ] Ask the final question: Could you explain your decision to the family of the person pictured, to your editor, or to a viewer who complained?
If the only justification you can offer is that the image is powerful, think again. Where you can, decide with a second person and record your reasoning. If you are in doubt, refer up to someone with more experience and editorial responsibility.
